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The 5 Models of Gambling Regulation

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Gambling regulations are grounded in philosophical foundations. In his 2003 book Gambling and the Public Interest, Professor Peter Collins laid out five distinct models of gambling regulatory approaches found across the globe:

Religious Approach | Certain governments treat gambling as a sinful pursuit and outlaw it. Islam forbids gambling, so this approach is found across the Middle East and in certain pockets of Asia.
Paternalistic Approach | Some countries have determined that they need to save individuals from themselves by outlawing gambling as a private enterprise. They may offer a basic lottery, but casino gaming and sports betting are prohibited. If there are land-based casinos, they are restricted to foreign visitors. Examples include Vietnam and India.
Pragmatic Approach | Some nations take a balanced approach to gambling regulations. They appreciate the pitfalls of problem gambling, but they also respect the free will of their citizens. These countries typically permit gambling, but keep it tightly regulated.
Liberal Approach | Countries such as the UK have taken a free market approach to gambling activity. They regard gambling as a commercial enterprise, akin to the pubs and bars that welcome drinkers. They impose rules to protect underage gamblers and provide support to problem gamblers, but gambling is widespread and fully tolerated.
Commercial Approach | Certain jurisdictions specifically set out to whip up tax revenue from the gambling industry. The most glaring examples are Las Vegas and Macau, although the advent of online casino gaming and sports wagering has created hubs such as Malta, Gibraltar, the Isle of Man and Alderney, where local governments deliberately target gambling operators with favourable tax regimes.